Download estuary skin

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Most Popular. New Releases. Desktop Enhancements. For best results our forms should be downloaded first and saved to your computer. Do not fill out the form that appears in the internet window. The latest version of this can be download here. Clicking this button opens up a new email with the form attached and the correct email address pre-filled. You still need to send the email in the usual way. Council's email and postal addresses can be found at the bottom of all of our forms and will assist in submitting forms for those without a "submit" button.

Once installed, your will be asked whether to switched to Estuary Mod V2, select Yes. Then select Yes to keep the change. If encountered issue from updating skin with Kodi builds for Windows and Xbox One, try disabling auto-update feature of the skin. If you haven't done that already or don't know how to do so, you can learn from our guide on how to add local library to Kodi. All Estuary Mod V2 unique settings are there, and everything else is basically the same with Estuary.

The major tweaking Estuary Mod V2 offers is the modification of home menu items and widgets. First, go to Estuary Mod V2 Skin settings menu, highlight Home menu tab and you'll be able to configure main menu and widgets on the right side.

From Main menu section, select Customize main menu. Highlight an existing menu item, and use the buttons from the middle pane to position it, disable it, add an item subsequent to it or remove the item.

From Widgets section, you can set a preferred display mode for your widgets. Estuary Mod V2 Kodi skin comes in handy when you're not satisfied with limited widgets and home items of Estuary yet rather not to spend time getting familiar with new skins with totally different layouts. Whoever knows a thing or two about Estuary will get the hang of Estuary Mod V2 in not time.

See system requirements. People also like. HDHomeRun Free. IPTV Free. Release date Approximate size Age rating For ages 3 and up. Comparing brain size at birth to the size of a fully developed adult brain is one way to estimate how much an animal relies on learning as opposed to instinct. The respiratory system of the elephant is quite exceptional. The elephant is the only mammal without a pleural cavity the fluid-filled space between the lungs.

Connective tissue attaches their lungs directly to the chest wall and the diaphragm. This means breathing depends solely on movement of the chest muscle rather than the ribcage expanding. As a result, if the lungs are constricted, or if there is too much pressure on the chest and diaphragm, they risk suffocating.

One possible reason for this unique physiology is that direct voluntary control of the muscles allows elephants to deal with pressure differences when their bodies are underwater, and their trunk breaks the surface for air.

This ability also helps elephants suck water through their trunk. Elephants inhale mostly through their trunk, although some air goes through their mouth, allowing them to retain water or dust in their trunk without holding their breath. Elephants will breathe out an average of liters of air every minute. An elephant's trunk is a combination of the nose and the upper lip. The nasal cavity runs the length of the trunk with the nostrils located at the tip. An elephant trunk has over 50, individual muscles, a complex network of blood vessels and nerves compared to muscles in the entire human body , a small amount of fat, but no bones or cartilage.

Like the human tongue, the trunk is a muscular hydrostat—a muscle or muscle group that works independently, without bone support. Trunks have incredible strength, flexibility, and dexterity, all properties of muscular hydrostats.

Elephants use their trunks to smell, touch, grasp, create sounds, socialize, collect water for drinking, select and manipulate food for eating, and breath, including using their trunk as a snorkel when their bodies are underwater. After birth, the calves' muscles start to develop, and they must learn to master their trunks. By about 4 months, calves learn to use their trunks to eat and drink.

By adulthood, the trunk is large and powerful, weighing close to pounds and feet long. An adult male can lift more than pounds and reach branches 20 feet high. Elephant trunks have "fingers" at the end to grip small objects. African elephants have two fingers, while Asian elephants only have one. An Asian elephant most often curls the tip of its trunk around an item and picks it up in a "grasp" method. In contrast, the African elephant uses the "pinch," picking up objects like a human's thumb and index finger.

To drink, an elephant sucks in and holds as much as 2. Food such as grasses, leaves, branches, and fruit are found by smell. They can pick food with the end of their trunk; grasp with the lower portion of their trunk the heal ; or grab and pull with the lower third of their trunk if grasses are tall and more difficult to retrieve.

Next, they use their trunk to place the food inside their mouth where their large tongue pulls it to the back so molars can grind the food.

Elephant's trunks are superior to a bloodhound's nose. They can smell an approaching rainstorm from miles away. By changing the shape and size of their nostrils, elephants can control their vocalizations. Also, they use to spray water on themselves to cool down; and to throw dirt or dust on themselves to protect against insect bites and insulate against the sun.

When they sense danger, elephants use their trunk to hit or throw objects at the threat. Elephants often intertwine their trunks with other elephants in greeting, specifically friends or family, much like a human handshake or hug.

Elephant tusks are long upper incisor teeth made of the same material as human teeth—dentine with an outer layer of enamel. Tusks appear when an elephant is between one and three years old and grow their whole life.

If this part of a tusk is cut or broken, it exposes the nerve and causes serious pain. The core of the tusk becomes infected and can cause the tusk to die. Like human teeth, tusks do not grow back if they are severely damaged. African elephant tusks can grow up to 10 feet long and weigh up to pounds, although today, most tusks are smaller.

For Asian elephants, only males bulls have tusks. The largest recorded was 9 feet long and weighed 86 pounds. Tusk size and shape are inherited. Elephants use their tusks for various purposes, including grazing, digging, stripping bark, sparring and self-protection.

Just as most humans are right-handed or left-handed, elephants also seem to prefer using one tusk more than the other. Their dominant tusk usually shows more wear. Elephants play an important role when they topple trees, create open grass lands, and dig holes to access water. Their actions are key to the survival of other species who share the habitat. Elephant ivory has been considered a valuable material across cultures and continents for thousands of years. In the 19th and 20th centuries, increasing demand for ivory piano keys, billiard balls, and luxury items led to the elephant population's steep decline.

Many countries have banned the sale or importation of ivory, and individuals' attitudes toward ivory items and wildlife have changed. However, with over 30, African elephants killed each year, the illegal ivory trade still poses a serious threat to their survival.

Poaching is an ongoing problem, and not just for elephants, but for wildlife around the world. As each tooth wears down from grinding food, a new tooth moves up through the gums to replace the worn one. Each mature tooth can measure inches long and weigh 20 pounds. When an elephant fails to eat a balanced diet with enough roughage, their teeth do not wear down properly.

This can cause teeth to become impacted and infected. After their last set of teeth wears down, elephants can no longer chew coarse food.

In the wild, they spend extended periods of time in swampy areas where the vegetation is less fibrous. In the past, these marshy areas were believed to be elephant burial grounds, part of a dying ritual, but they are actually where elephants go in old age to survive.

Elephants have a large mouth complete with a flexible tongue and four grinding molars. Their tongue can weigh up to 26 pounds and can only stretch out to their short lower lip. Elephants select food by smell, pick it up, and then place it in their mouth with their trunks. They use their muscular tongue to pull the food to the back of their mouth where huge molars grind it.

Elephants have two sets of teeth on each side of the mouth, on the top and bottom. During their lifetime, they grow six sets of these teeth.

The teeth form over time in a hollow cavity in the jaw. The set of bones that support the tongue and larynx voice box is called the hyoid apparatus. Most mammals have nine bones in their hyoid apparatus, but elephants only have five. Fewer bones leave gaps for muscles, tendons, ligaments, and the formation of the pharyngeal pouch just behind the tongue. The pouch is surrounded by muscles that squeeze the opening, so food passes over and does not contaminate the pouch.

This unique design allows elephants to produce infrasound sounds too low for humans to hear. The pouch can also store up to 1 gallon of clean water. When dangerously overheated, elephants put their trunk deep into their throat to retrieve the water, and then spray it on their head, ears, chest, and back.

Elephants walk on tiptoe: their toe bones point down so their weight is on the tips of their toes. They have a fatty elastic pad beneath their toes and heel that expands when they put their foot down to absorb shocks and act as a spongy cushion, which enables them to walk silently. They have ridges on the soles of their feet that help them get traction on slippery surfaces. An elephant foot has 5 toes, but not every toe has a nail. The African forest elephant and the Asian elephant both have 5 toenails on the front feet and 4 on the back feet.

The African savanna elephant has 4, or sometimes 5, on the front feet and only 3 on the back. Their footpads and nails continue to grow throughout their lifetime. Foot health is a serious issue for elephants living in captivity. These diseases have become epidemic among elephants living in captive environments. An elephant's limbs are positioned directly under their body, with bones stacked on top of one another to support their weight.

The back legs are slightly longer than the front legs, although the high shoulder makes the front limbs look longer. The back legs have knees with kneecaps. The rear leg is nearly the same width from the knee down to the foot, while the front of the foot is a little larger than the back ankle. The long bones of the elephant's limbs are spongy and made up of small, needle-like pieces of bone arranged like a honeycomb instead of hollow parts that contain bone marrow. This feature strengthens the bones while still allowing for blood cell production.

Both the front and back limbs can support an elephant's weight, although the front bears sixty percent. An elephant's bones are much wider than most mammals, which gives them a thicker cross-sectional area and makes them more resistant to the type of stresses that can break bones. Elephants naturally kneel on their wrists, sit on their haunches and lie on their sides.

In the wild, elephants walk thirty plus miles a day and can move quickly with top speeds up to 15 miles per hour. This fast gait is not classified as running because all four feet never leave the ground at the same time.

Elephants have an extraordinary degree of control over their tails. They can use their tail to gently caress a loved one or swing it like a baseball bat with pin point accuracy. The length of elephants' tails vary, some being more than 4 feet long. The end of the tail is nearly flat, making it the perfect fly swatter. Parallel rows of coarse, wire-like hairs grow along the edges of the tail.

The hair is predominantly black but it can be red, brown or even blond. Elephants have many ways of communicating:. Elephant Vocalization: Elephants can produce a variety of sounds from their trunk, mouth, forehead, and chest. These sounds include clicks, purrs, rumbles, snorts, barks, grunts, squeals, groans, trumpets, and roars that can travel through the air up to a mile away.

Elephants also produce low-frequency rumbles known as seismic or infrasound, which humans cannot hear. Other elephants feel the sounds through their foot pads and are made aware of the location and movement of other elephants. Vocalizations originate in the larynx voice box and the pharyngeal pouch in their throat. Elephants use more than 70 kinds of vocal sounds which can be gentle and soft, or loud and powerful.

Elephants produce different types of vocalization by changing the size of their nostrils as air passes through the trunk. To release a desired sound, it is believed they can hold their head in a certain posture and flap their ears in a particular rhythm and angle to affect the muscles around the voice box to modify a specific call.

Researchers have found that females have the largest variety of vocalizations. Elephants have a wide range of calls for different purposes—to call for help against perceived dangers; warn others about possible threats; coordinate group movements; settle disagreements; show affection; express discomfort, fear, needs and desires; attract mates; and reinforce family bonds. Elephants can distinguish the calls of family members as well as the contact calls of non-related groups.

Body language: Elephants use their body, head, eyes, mouth, ears, tusks, trunk, tail and feet to communicate with each other and other species. Touch: Elephants are highly tactile, using touch when they play, express affection, reassure, act aggressively or defensively, mate, care for others and explore.

Males identify when a female is in estrus by scenting her urine. They can identify groups of people who pose a threat to them from their scents and use smell to keep track of family and friends. The highly-evolved and intelligent elephant is able to detect danger and send an alert to other members of the herd.

These dangers include predators, earthquakes and even certain groups of people. A study with African elephants in Kenya found they were able to detect the scent of the different tribespeople in their area and determine which smells represented people who might hurt them and those who would leave them alone.

The men of a tribe called the Masai are known to demonstrate their bravery by spearing elephants. Researchers left clothing that had been worn by members of both tribes. When the elephants encountered the clothing worn by the Masai men they would stampede away until reaching cover. They even showed this defensive behavior when encountering red fabric, the color normally worn by Masai men, even though this fabric had not been worn by anyone at all.

By contrast, they showed little reaction when encountering clothing worn my Masai women or by members of the Kamba tribe. To warn others of danger, elephants use a wide variety of sounds. They are able to generate frequencies so low the human ear is not able to detect them, but other elephants can actually feel them. The vibrations from the sounds cause slight tremors in the ground that other elephants can feel through their feet even at great distances from the elephant making the sound.

This seismic communication works because elephants have incredibly sensitive feet. This ability to feel slight vibrations in the earth also allows them to detect earthquakes well in advance so they can move away from the area of impending danger. Like most large mammals, elephants specialize in low frequency hearing due to their long ear canals, wide eardrums, and spacious middle ears.